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Non-coordinated effects · CK Telecoms

The 4-to-3 that redrew the standard of proof

A prohibition annulled, then the annulment itself set aside. The bar for oligopoly mergers moved twice.

Non-coordinated (or 'gap') effects are the theory that a merger can significantly impede competition even where it creates neither a single dominant firm nor tacit collusion, by removing an important competitive force or bringing two close rivals under one roof. The 2004 reform of the Merger Regulation was written to catch exactly these cases, and mobile 4-to-3 deals became the test bed. In 2016 the Commission prohibited Hutchison 3G UK's acquisition of Telefónica UK (the Three / O2 deal) on this theory.

In 2020 the General Court annulled the prohibition (T-399/16), a rare and pointed rebuke: it held the Commission had not proved a significant impediment to the required legal standard and read the test narrowly. Three years later the Court of Justice set that judgment aside (C-376/20), ruling that the General Court had demanded too much and had misread the 'important competitive force' and closeness-of-competition concepts.

Many decisions that ran a non-coordinated theory have been taken to court, and most survived, often on grounds that had little to do with the theory. CK Telecoms is the one where the theory itself was on trial, and it moved the law twice. It is now the reference each 4-to-3 merger is argued against, on precisely how much the Commission must prove.

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The data behind it

Data as of

Read from the database when this page was made, not typed in by hand. The figures change as decisions and judgments are added.

Non-coordinated effects: decisions and court review

217
cases ran this theory
13
reviewed by EU courts
3
decision annulled / partially
  1. 22/07/1992

    M.190

    NESTLE / PERRIER · Phase II + remedies · concerns found

  2. 27/04/1995

    T-96/92

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.190

  3. 27/04/1995

    T-12/93

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.190

  1. 24/04/1996

    M.619

    GENCOR / LONRHO · Prohibited · cleared

  2. 03/12/1997

    M.942

    VEBA / DEGUSSA · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  3. 25/03/1999

    T-102/96

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.619

  1. 15/06/2000

    M.1858

    THOMSON-CSF / RACAL (II) · Phase I cleared · cleared

  2. 12/09/2000

    M.2104

    MIG / CARLYLE / EUTECTIC AND CASTOLIN · Phase I cleared · cleared

  3. 22/10/2001

    M.2611

    SCHRODER VENTURES / GOLDMAN SACHS / COGNIS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  4. 19/03/2004

    M.3337

    BEST AGRIFUND / NORDFLEISCH · Phase I cleared · cleared

  5. 06/06/2006

    M.4141

    LINDE / BOC · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  6. 04/07/2006

    T-177/04

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.3280

102 decisions, 2007 to 2017
  1. 21/08/2007

    M.4523

    TRAVELPORT / WORLDSPAN · Phase II · cleared

  2. 31/10/2007

    M.4842

    DANONE / NUMICO · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  3. 23/09/2008

    M.4980

    ABF / GBI BUSINESS · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  4. 17/12/2009

    M.5699

    ADECCO / MPS GROUP · Phase I cleared · cleared

  5. 29/01/2010

    M.5730

    TELEFONICA / HANSENET TELEKOMMUNIKATION · Phase I cleared · cleared

  6. 04/08/2010

    M.5908

    HONEYWELL / SPERIAN · Phase I cleared · cleared

  7. 09/08/2010

    M.5778

    NOVARTIS / ALCON · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  8. 22/09/2010

    M.5903

    TECH DATA EUROPE / BRIGHTSTAR EUROPE / TRIADE HOLDING · Phase I cleared · cleared

  9. 29/11/2010

    M.5992

    SUD-CHEMIE / ASHLAND / ASK JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  10. 06/12/2010

    M.5983

    TYCO ELECTRONICS / ADC TELECOMMUNICATIONS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  11. 21/12/2010

    M.5932

    NEWS CORP / BSKYB · Phase I cleared · cleared

  12. 06/01/2011

    M.5996

    THOMAS COOK / TRAVEL BUSINESS OF CO-OPERATIVE GROUP / TRAVEL BUSINESS OF MIDLANDS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY · Referral · concerns found

  13. 29/03/2011

    M.6083

    FIAT / GM / VM MOTORI JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  14. 09/06/2011

    M.6184

    INDORAMA / SINTERAMA / TREVIRA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  15. 05/08/2011

    M.6255

    TEREX / DEMAG CRANES · Phase I cleared · cleared

  16. 18/08/2011

    M.6293

    THERMO FISHER / PHADIA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  17. 30/08/2011

    M.6315

    HOCHTIEF / GEOSEA / BELUGA HOCHTIEF OFFSHORE JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  18. 23/09/2011

    M.6333

    BMW / ING CAR LEASE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  19. 27/09/2011

    M.6261

    NORTH SEA GROUP / ARGOS GROEP / JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  20. 05/10/2011

    M.6091

    GALENICA / FRESENIUS MEDICAL CARE / VIFOR FRESENIUS MEDICAL CARE RENAL PHARMA JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  21. 13/10/2011

    M.6258

    TEVA / CEPHALON · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  22. 27/10/2011

    M.6323

    TECH DATA EUROPE / MuM VAD BUSINESS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  23. 24/10/2012

    M.6713

    TECH DATA / SPECIALIST DISTRIBUTION GROUP / ETC METROLOGIE / BEST'WARE FRANCE / SDG BV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  24. 16/09/2014

    M.7282

    LIBERTY GLOBAL / DISCOVERY / ALL3MEDIA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  25. 19/09/2014

    M.7011

    SNCF / SNCB / THALYS JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  26. 24/09/2014

    M.7311

    MOL / ENI CESKA / ENI ROMANIA / ENI SLOVENSKO · Phase I cleared · cleared

  27. 03/10/2014

    M.7277

    ELI LILLY / NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH · Phase I cleared · cleared

  28. 03/10/2014

    M.7217

    FACEBOOK / WHATSAPP · Phase I cleared · cleared

  29. 28/11/2014

    M.7326

    MEDTRONIC / COVIDIEN · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  30. 15/12/2014

    M.7252

    HOLCIM / LAFARGE · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  31. 22/07/2015

    M.7498

    COMPAGNIE DE SAINT GOBAIN / SIKA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  32. 31/07/2015

    M.7684

    EUROVIA GESTEIN / KEMNA BAU ANDREAE / STEINBRUCH LASBECK · Referral · concerns found

  33. 20/08/2015

    M.7703

    PONTMEYER / DBS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  34. 07/09/2015

    M.7625

    ADM / AOR · Phase I cleared · cleared

  35. 14/09/2015

    M.7538

    KNORR BREMSE / VOSSLOH · Phase I cleared · cleared

  36. 16/09/2015

    M.7711

    ADVENT INTERNATIONAL / BAIN CAPITAL / ICBPI · Phase I cleared · cleared

  37. 16/10/2015

    M.7747

    PGA / MSA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  38. 21/10/2015

    M.7708

    ALSO / PCF · Phase I cleared · cleared

  39. 22/10/2015

    M.7702

    KONINKLIJKE AHOLD / DELHAIZE GROUP · Referral · concerns found · cleared

  40. 09/11/2015

    M.7763

    TCCC / COBEGA / CCEP · Phase I cleared · cleared

  41. 23/11/2015

    M.7745

    FORTUM / LIETUVOS ENERGIJA / JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  42. 23/11/2015

    M.7686

    AVAGO / BROADCOM · Phase I cleared · cleared

  43. 02/12/2015

    M.7817

    OBI / BAUMAX STANDORT STEYR · Phase I cleared · cleared

  44. 02/12/2015

    M.7610

    DANISH CROWN / WESTFLEISCH / WESTCROWN JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  45. 04/12/2015

    M.7784

    CF INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS / OCI BUSINESS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  46. 07/12/2015

    M.7816

    EGP / F2I / JV · Phase I cleared · cleared

  47. 08/12/2015

    M.7778

    VATTENFALL / ENGIE / GASAG · Phase I cleared · cleared

  48. 14/12/2015

    M.7833

    CDC INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL / MUBADALA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY / VIVALTO BEL / GROUP VIVALTO SANTE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  49. 15/12/2015

    M.7779

    TRAFIGURA / NYRSTAR · Phase I cleared · cleared

  50. 16/12/2015

    M.7839

    OUTOKUMPU / HERNANDEZ EDELSTAHL · Phase I cleared · cleared

  51. 17/12/2015

    M.7748

    MAGNA / GETRAG · Phase I cleared · cleared

  52. 08/01/2016

    M.7630

    FEDEX / TNT EXPRESS · Phase II · cleared

  53. 14/01/2016

    M.7862

    TDR CAPITAL / EURO GARAGES · Phase I cleared · cleared

  54. 19/01/2016

    M.7802

    AMADEUS / NAVITAIRE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  55. 27/01/2016

    M.7897

    ARRIVA RAIL NORTH / NORTHERN FRANCHISE · Referral · concerns found

  56. 29/01/2016

    M.7762

    ARCELORMITTAL / FINANCIAL ENTITIES / GRUPO CONDESA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  57. 04/02/2016

    M.7799

    SCHLUMBERGER / CAMERON · Phase I cleared · cleared

  58. 04/02/2016

    M.7637

    LIBERTY GLOBAL / BASE BELGIUM · Phase II + remedies · concerns found

  59. 05/02/2016

    M.7851

    USS NERO / OPTRUST / PGGM / GLOBAL VIA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  60. 16/02/2016

    M.7726

    COTY / PROCTER & GAMBLE BEAUTY BUSINESS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  61. 24/02/2016

    M.7278

    GENERAL ELECTRIC / ALSTOM (THERMAL POWER - RENEWABLE POWER & GRID BUSINESS) · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  62. 26/02/2016

    M.7868

    TÖNNIES / TICAN · Phase I cleared · cleared

  63. 29/02/2016

    M.7861

    DELL / EMC · Phase I cleared · cleared

  64. 03/03/2016

    M.7573

    DMK / DOC KAAS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  65. 07/04/2016

    M.7849

    MOL HUNGARIAN OIL AND GAS / ENI HUNGARIA / ENI SLOVENIJA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  66. 14/04/2016

    M.7408

    CARGILL / ADM CHOCOLATE BUSINESS · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  67. 19/04/2016

    M.7950

    EGB / GP · Phase I cleared · cleared

  68. 04/05/2016

    M.7864

    TRELLEBORG / CGS HOLDING · Phase I cleared · cleared

  69. 11/05/2016

    M.7612

    HUTCHISON 3G UK / TELEFONICA UK · Prohibited · concerns found

  70. 11/05/2016

    M.7858

    INEOS / CELANESE ASSETS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  71. 14/06/2016

    M.7944

    CREDIT MUTUEL / GE CAPITAL'S FACTORING AND EQUIPMENT FINANCING BUSINESSES IN FRANCE AND GERMANY · Phase I cleared · cleared

  72. 27/06/2016

    M.7902

    MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL / STARWOOD HOTELS & RESORTS WORLDWIDE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  73. 03/08/2016

    M.7978

    VODAFONE / LIBERTY GLOBAL / DUTCH JV · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  74. 01/09/2016

    M.7758

    HUTCHISON 3G ITALY / WIND / JV · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  75. 07/09/2016

    M.7777

    SOLVAY / CYTEC · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  76. 07/09/2016

    M.7737

    HONEYWELL / ELSTER · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  77. 04/10/2016

    M.7744

    HEIDELBERGCEMENT / ITALCEMENTI · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  78. 20/10/2016

    M.8046

    TUI / TRANSAT FRANCE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  79. 09/11/2016

    M.7917

    BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM / SANOFI ANIMAL HEALTH BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  80. 17/11/2016

    M.8224

    HELIOS / QUIRONSALUD · Referral · not assessed

  81. 23/11/2016

    M.7801

    WABTEC / FAIVELEY TRANSPORT · Phase II + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  82. 06/12/2016

    M.8124

    MICROSOFT / LINKEDIN · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  83. 22/12/2016

    M.8060

    ABBOTT LABORATORIES / ST JUDE MEDICAL · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  84. 22/12/2016

    M.7792

    KONECRANES / TEREX MHPS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  85. 15/02/2017

    M.8322

    HEINEKEN UK / PUNCH TAVERNS SECURITISATION · Referral · concerns found

  86. 08/03/2017

    M.7881

    AB INBEV / SABMILLER · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  87. 14/03/2017

    M.7873

    WORLDLINE / EQUENS / PAYSQUARE · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  88. 29/03/2017

    M.7995

    DEUTSCHE BÖRSE / LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP · Prohibited · concerns found

  89. 05/04/2017

    M.7878

    HEIDELBERGCEMENT / SCHWENK / CEMEX HUNGARY / CEMEX CROATIA · Prohibited · concerns found

  90. 19/04/2017

    M.8242

    ROLLS-ROYCE / ITP · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  91. 19/04/2017

    M.8258

    ADVENT INTERNATIONAL / MORPHO · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  92. 03/05/2017

    M.7919

    SANOFI / BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CONSUMER HEALTHCARE BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  93. 15/05/2017

    M.8059

    INVESTINDUSTRIAL / BLACK DIAMOND / POLYNT / REICHHOLD · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  94. 09/06/2017

    M.8401

    J&J / ACTELION · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  95. 17/07/2017

    M.8150

    DANONE / THE WHITEWAVE FOODS COMPANY · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  96. 19/07/2017

    M.8452

    SUEZ / GE WATER AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES · Phase I cleared · cleared

  97. 28/07/2017

    M.7932

    DOW / DUPONT · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  98. 17/08/2017

    M.8348

    RAG STIFTUNG / EVONIK INDUSTRIES / HUBER SILICA · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  99. 15/09/2017

    M.8130

    IMERYS / ALTEO CERTAIN ASSETS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  100. 29/09/2017

    M.8486

    3M COMPANY / SCOTT SAFETY · Phase I cleared · cleared

  101. 29/09/2017

    M.7982

    ABBOTT LABORATORIES / ALERE · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  102. 13/10/2017

    M.8102

    VALEO / FTE GROUP · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  1. 26/10/2017

    T-394/15turning point

    General Court · Annulled · reviewing M.7000

34 decisions, 2017 to 2019
  1. 30/10/2017

    M.8626

    CRH / XI (RMAT) · Phase I cleared · cleared

  2. 17/11/2017

    M.8522

    AVANTOR / VWR · Phase I cleared · cleared

  3. 21/11/2017

    M.8640

    CVC / BLACKSTONE / PAYSAFE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  4. 29/11/2017

    M.8286

    RHI / MAGNESITA REFRATARIOS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  5. 05/12/2017

    M.8569

    EUROPCAR / GOLDCAR · Phase I cleared · cleared

  6. 05/12/2017

    M.8594

    COSCO SHIPPING / OOIL · Phase I cleared · cleared

  7. 12/12/2017

    M.8523

    BD / BARD · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  8. 20/12/2017

    M.7746

    TEVA / ALLERGAN GENERICS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  9. 20/12/2017

    M.8675

    CVC / TEVA'S WOMEN'S HEALTH BUSINESS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  10. 21/12/2017

    M.8633

    LUFTHANSA / CERTAIN AIR BERLIN ASSETS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  11. 06/02/2018

    M.8665

    DISCOVERY / SCRIPPS · Referral · cleared · concerns found

  12. 21/02/2018

    M.8454

    KKR / PELICAN ROUGE · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  13. 01/03/2018

    M.8394

    ESSILOR / LUXOTTICA · Phase II · cleared

  14. 15/03/2018

    M.7962

    CHEMCHINA / SYNGENTA · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  15. 30/04/2018

    M.6607

    US AIRWAYS / AMERICAN AIRLINES · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  16. 30/05/2018

    M.7000

    LIBERTY GLOBAL / ZIGGO · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  17. 06/07/2018

    M.8894

    ACS / HOCHTIEF / ATLANTIA / ABERTIS INFRAESTRUCTURAS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  18. 26/07/2018

    M.8652

    ACCURIDE / MEFRO WHEELS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  19. 03/08/2018

    M.9000

    BAIN CAPITAL / REIFEN KRIEG GROUP · Phase I cleared · cleared

  20. 13/08/2018

    M.9038

    RAMSAY GDS / CAPIO · Referral · concerns found

  21. 22/08/2018

    M.8984

    HG / VISTA / ALLOCATE · Phase I cleared · cleared

  22. 04/09/2018

    M.8465

    VIVENDI / TELECOM ITALIA · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  23. 06/09/2018

    M.8788

    APPLE / SHAZAM · Phase II · cleared

  24. 28/09/2018

    M.8658

    UTC / ROCKWELL COLLINS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  25. 27/11/2018

    M.8792

    T-MOBILE NL / TELE2 NL · Phase II · cleared

  26. 13/12/2018

    M.8440

    DUPONT / FMC (HEALTH AND NUTRITION BUSINESS) · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  27. 24/01/2019

    M.8738

    RHONE-ZODIAC / FLUIDRA · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  28. 28/01/2019

    M.8785

    THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY / TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY FOX · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  29. 06/02/2019

    M.9019

    MARS / ANICURA · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  30. 14/02/2019

    M.8851

    BASF / BAYER DIVESTMENT BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  31. 26/02/2019

    M.8871

    RWE / E.ON ASSETS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  32. 20/03/2019

    M.8948

    SPIRIT / ASCO · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  33. 17/05/2019

    M.8797

    THALES / GEMALTO · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  34. 20/05/2019

    M.9196

    MARSH & MCLENNAN COMPANIES / JARDINE LLOYD THOMPSON GROUP · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  1. 23/05/2019

    T-370/17

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.7978

19 decisions, 2019 to 2020
  1. 24/05/2019

    M.8915

    DS SMITH / EUROPAC · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  2. 11/06/2019

    M.8492

    QUAKER / GLOBAL HOUGHTON · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  3. 05/07/2019

    M.9287

    CONNECT AIRWAYS / FLYBE · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  4. 07/08/2019

    M.9094

    AMCOR / BEMIS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  5. 11/09/2019

    M.9234

    HARRIS CORPORATION / L3 TECHNOLOGIES · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  6. 23/09/2019

    M.8832

    KNAUF / ARMSTRONG · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  7. 24/09/2019

    M.4494

    EVRAZ / HIGHVELD · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  8. 03/12/2019

    M.9449

    VAG / VARTA (CONSUMER BATTERY, CHARGERS AND PORTABLE POWER AND LIGHTING BUSINESS) · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  9. 03/12/2019

    M.8988

    ENERGIZER / SPECTRUM BRANDS (BATTERY AND PORTABLE LIGHTING BUSINESS) · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  10. 03/02/2020

    M.8480

    PRAXAIR / LINDE · Phase II + remedies · concerns found

  11. 21/02/2020

    M.9461

    ABBVIE / ALLERGAN · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  12. 02/03/2020

    M.9274

    GLAXOSMITHKLINE / PFIZER CONSUMER HEALTHCARE BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  13. 06/03/2020

    M.9674

    VODAFONE ITALIA / TIM / INWIT JV · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  14. 18/03/2020

    M.9331

    DANAHER / GE HEALTHCARE LIFE SCIENCES BIOPHARMA · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  15. 23/03/2020

    M.9163

    DA AGRAVIS MACHINERY / KONEKESKO EESTI / KONEKESKO LATVIJA / KONEKESKO LIETUVA / KONEKESKO FINNISH AGRIMACHINERY TRADE BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  16. 26/03/2020

    M.9502

    SYNTHOMER / OMNOVA SOLUTIONS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  17. 24/04/2020

    M.9434

    UTC / RAYTHEON · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  18. 04/05/2020

    M.9409

    AURUBIS / METALLO GROUP HOLDING · Phase II · cleared

  19. 28/05/2020

    M.8955

    TAKEDA / SHIRE · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  1. 28/05/2020

    T-399/16turning point

    General Court · Annulled · reviewing M.7612

  1. 16/07/2020

    M.9887

    JINGYE / ASCOVAL / FRI · cleared

  2. 14/09/2020

    M.9517

    MYLAN / UPJOHN · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  3. 05/10/2020

    T-380/17

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.7878

  1. 20/10/2020

    M.8870

    E.ON / INNOGY · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  2. 30/11/2020

    M.9985

    GARDAWORLD / G4S · Phase I cleared · cleared

  3. 16/12/2020

    T-430/18

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.6607

  1. 17/12/2020

    M.9660

    GOOGLE / FITBIT · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  2. 19/01/2021

    M.10028

    BLACK DIAMOND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT / INVESTINDUSTRIAL GROUP / PHENOLIC SPECIALTY RESINS BUSINESS OF HEXION · Phase I cleared · cleared

  3. 27/01/2021

    T-691/18

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.7000

9 decisions, 2021
  1. 05/02/2021

    M.9554

    ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH / BAYER ANIMAL HEALTH DIVISION · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  2. 18/02/2021

    M.9076

    NOVELIS / ALERIS · concerns found · cleared

  3. 25/02/2021

    M.9744

    MASTERCARD / NETS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  4. 27/04/2021

    M.9686

    MITSUI / BELCHIM CROP PROTECTION · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  5. 20/05/2021

    M.10059

    SK HYNIX / INTEL’S NAND AND SSD BUSINESS · Phase I cleared · cleared

  6. 02/06/2021

    M.9677

    DIC / BASF COLORS & EFFECTS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  7. 28/06/2021

    M.9776

    WORLDLINE / INGENICO · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  8. 14/07/2021

    M.9820

    DANFOSS / EATON HYDRAULICS · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  9. 24/08/2021

    M.10153

    ORANGE / TELEKOM ROMANIA COMMUNICATIONS · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  1. 20/10/2021

    T-296/18

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8633

15 decisions, 2022 to 2023
  1. 13/01/2022

    M.9343

    HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS / DAEWOO SHIPBUILDING & MARINE ENGINEERING · Prohibited · concerns found

  2. 31/01/2022

    M.9546

    GATEGROUP / LSG EUROPEAN BUSINESS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  3. 10/03/2022

    M.10515

    ILIAD / UPC POLSKA · Phase I cleared · cleared

  4. 30/03/2022

    M.9569

    ESSILORLUXOTTICA / GRANDVISION · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  5. 24/05/2022

    M.10108

    S&P GLOBAL / IHS MARKIT · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  6. 16/06/2022

    M.4180

    GAZ DE FRANCE / SUEZ · Phase II + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  7. 30/06/2022

    M.10431

    ALI GROUP / WELBILT · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  8. 30/06/2022

    M.9779

    ALSTOM / BOMBARDIER TRANSPORTATION · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  9. 01/07/2022

    M.10506

    PARKER / MEGGITT · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  10. 09/09/2022

    M.9041

    HUTCHISON / WIND TRE · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  11. 28/09/2022

    M.10575

    BOUYGUES / EQUANS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  12. 28/10/2022

    M.10721

    CELANESE / DUPONT (MOBILITY & MATERIALS BUSINESS) · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  13. 23/11/2022

    M.9969

    VEOLIA / SUEZ · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  14. 22/12/2022

    M.10699

    SALMAR / NTS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  15. 24/02/2023

    M.3280

    AIR FRANCE / KLM · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  1. 16/03/2023

    C-127/21

    Court of Justice · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.6607

  1. 29/03/2023

    M.10687

    D’IETEREN / PHE · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  2. 20/04/2023

    M.10560

    SIKA / MBCC GROUP · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  3. 04/05/2023

    M.10658

    NORSK HYDRO / ALUMETAL · Phase II · cleared

  4. 15/05/2023

    M.10638

    ALD / LEASEPLAN · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  5. 17/05/2023

    M.10438

    MOL / OMV SLOVENIJA · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  6. 17/05/2023

    T-312/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  7. 17/05/2023

    T-321/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  8. 17/05/2023

    T-313/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  9. 17/05/2023

    T-319/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  10. 17/05/2023

    T-314/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  11. 17/05/2023

    T-315/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  12. 17/05/2023

    T-322/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  13. 17/05/2023

    T-316/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  14. 17/05/2023

    T-320/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  15. 17/05/2023

    T-318/20

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8871

  16. 17/05/2023

    T-317/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  1. 25/05/2023

    M.10807

    VIASAT / INMARSAT · Phase II · cleared

  2. 08/06/2023

    M.10792

    PHILIP MORRIS INTERNATIONAL / SWEDISH MATCH · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  3. 12/07/2023

    M.10806

    BROADCOM / VMWARE · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  4. 13/07/2023

    C-376/20turning point

    Court of Justice · Set aside on appeal · reviewing M.7612

  1. 19/12/2023

    M.10860

    ADVENT / GFK · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  2. 20/12/2023

    T-64/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  3. 20/12/2023

    T-65/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  4. 20/12/2023

    T-63/21

    General Court · Inadmissible · reviewing M.8870

  5. 20/12/2023

    T-56/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  6. 20/12/2023

    T-62/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  7. 20/12/2023

    T-55/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  8. 20/12/2023

    T-59/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  9. 20/12/2023

    T-61/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  10. 20/12/2023

    T-60/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  11. 20/12/2023

    T-58/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  12. 20/12/2023

    T-53/21

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  1. 26/01/2024

    M.11043

    NOVOZYMES / CHR HANSEN HOLDING · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  2. 31/01/2024

    T-583/20turning point

    General Court · Annulled · reviewing M.8947

  1. 03/04/2024

    M.10507

    HITACHI RAIL / GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS BUSINESS OF THALES · Phase I + remedies · cleared · concerns found

  2. 21/10/2024

    M.8947

    NIDEC / WHIRLPOOL (EMBRACO BUSINESS) · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  3. 13/11/2024

    T-692/20

    General Court · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.9674

9 decisions, 2024 to 2025
  1. 18/11/2024

    M.11159

    JD SPORTS / GROUPE COURIR · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  2. 28/11/2024

    M.8444

    ARCELORMITTAL / ILVA · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  3. 18/12/2024

    M.11577

    EIFFAGE / EQOS · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  4. 10/01/2025

    M.11383

    COOPER / VIATRIS (EUROPEAN OTC BUSINESS) · Phase I + remedies · cleared

  5. 14/04/2025

    M.11204

    BUNGE / VITERRA · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  6. 16/05/2025

    M.8674

    BASF / SOLVAY'S EP AND P&I BUSINESS · Phase II + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  7. 17/06/2025

    M.11253

    SAFRAN / PART OF COLLINS AEROSPACE’s ACTUATION AND FLIGHT CONTROL ACTIVITIES · Phase I + remedies · concerns found · cleared

  8. 22/06/2025

    M.11539

    LIBERTY MEDIA / DORNA SPORTS · Phase II · cleared

  9. 25/06/2025

    M.11564

    INTERNATIONAL PAPER / DS SMITH · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  1. 26/06/2025

    C-469/23turning point

    Court of Justice · Set aside on appeal · reviewing M.8871

  2. 26/06/2025

    C-464/23

    Court of Justice · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8871

  3. 26/06/2025

    C-466/23turning point

    Court of Justice · Set aside on appeal · reviewing M.8871

  4. 26/06/2025

    C-485/23turning point

    Court of Justice · Set aside on appeal · reviewing M.8871

  5. 26/06/2025

    C-484/23turning point

    Court of Justice · Set aside on appeal · reviewing M.8871

  1. 16/12/2025

    M.9064

    TELIA COMPANY / BONNIER BROADCASTING HOLDING · Phase II + remedies · cleared

  2. 19/03/2026

    C-178/24

    Court of Justice · Upheld (dismissed) · reviewing M.8870

  1. 29/05/2026

    M.11936

    NASPERS / JUST EAT TAKEAWAY · Phase I + remedies · concerns found

  2. 28/07/2026

    M.11956

    UMG / DOWNTOWN · Phase II + remedies · cleared

Cases running this theory, merged with the EU court proceedings that reviewed them. 'Downstream' is temporal, not a citation graph. Court figures are the appealed subset (illustrative, not a base rate).